910 lines
42 KiB
HTML
910 lines
42 KiB
HTML
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.17">
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<meta name="author" content="brent saner <bts@square-r00t.net>, https://r00t2.io">
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<title>OpenSSH Key Structure Guide</title>
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}
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pre.rouge .na {
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color: #008080;
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}
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pre.rouge .bp {
|
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color: #999999;
|
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}
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pre.rouge .nb {
|
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color: #0086B3;
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}
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pre.rouge .nc {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #3c5d5d;
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}
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color: #800080;
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}
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color: #990000;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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color: #990000;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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pre.rouge .nn {
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color: #555555;
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}
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color: #008080;
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color: #008080;
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}
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}
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background-color: #f8f8f8;
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}
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</style>
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|
</head>
|
|
<body class="book toc2 toc-left">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>OpenSSH Key Structure Guide</h1>
|
|
<div class="details">
|
|
<span id="author" class="author">brent saner <bts@square-r00t.net>, https://r00t2.io</span><br>
|
|
<span id="revdate">Last updated 2022-03-06 04:09:26 -0500</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
|
|
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel1">
|
|
<li><a href="#purpose">1. Purpose</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#basic_introduction">2. Basic Introduction</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel2">
|
|
<li><a href="#legacy">2.1. Legacy</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel3">
|
|
<li><a href="#private_keys">2.1.1. Private Keys</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#public_keys">2.1.2. Public Keys</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#new_v1_format">2.2. New "v1" Format</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel3">
|
|
<li><a href="#private_keys_2">2.2.1. Private Keys</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#public_keys_2">2.2.2. Public Keys</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#keytype_specific_breakdowns">3. Keytype-Specific Breakdowns</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel2">
|
|
<li><a href="#rsa">3.1. RSA</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel3">
|
|
<li><a href="#public">3.1.1. Public</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel4">
|
|
<li><a href="#structure">3.1.1.1. Structure</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#example">3.1.1.2. Example</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#private">3.1.2. Private</a>
|
|
<ul class="sectlevel4">
|
|
<li><a href="#legacy_2">3.1.2.1. Legacy</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#ed25519">3.2. ED25519</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="purpose"><a class="link" href="#purpose">1. Purpose</a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This document attempts to present a much more detailed, thorough, and easily-understood form of the key formats used by OpenSSH. The extent of those formats' canonical documentation is <a href="https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/blob/master/PROTOCOL.key" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the OpenSSH source tree’s <code>PROTOCOL.key</code></a>, which is a little lacking.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="basic_introduction"><a class="link" href="#basic_introduction">2. Basic Introduction</a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="legacy"><a class="link" href="#legacy">2.1. Legacy</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="private_keys"><a class="link" href="#private_keys">2.1.1. Private Keys</a></h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In OpenSSH pre-7.8, private keys are stored in their respective PEM encoding<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> with no modification. These legacy private keys should be entirely usable by OpenSSL/LibreSSL/GnuTLS etc. natively with no conversion necessary.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="public_keys"><a class="link" href="#public_keys">2.1.2. Public Keys</a></h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Each public key <strong>file</strong> (<code>*.pub</code>) is written out in the following format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>A B C</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Where:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">A</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The key type (e.g. <code>ssh-rsa</code>, <code>ssh-ed25519</code>, etc.)</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">B</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The public key itself, Base64<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup>-encoded</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">C</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The key’s comment</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The structures specified in the breakdowns later in this document describe the <em>decoded</em> version of <strong>B</strong> <strong><em>only</em></strong>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="new_v1_format"><a class="link" href="#new_v1_format">2.2. New "v1" Format</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="private_keys_2"><a class="link" href="#private_keys_2">2.2.1. Private Keys</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="public_keys_2"><a class="link" href="#public_keys_2">2.2.2. Public Keys</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="keytype_specific_breakdowns"><a class="link" href="#keytype_specific_breakdowns">3. Keytype-Specific Breakdowns</a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="rsa"><a class="link" href="#rsa">3.1. RSA</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>RSA<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup> is a widely-supported PKI system. It is ubiquitous, but it is recommended to use newer systems (e.g. ED25519) for OpenSSH if all clients and destinations support it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The key structures have references to the RSA notations in single quotes. You can find these enumerated in <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8017#section-2">RFC 8017 § 2</a>. See also the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)#Key_generation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikipedia article</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="public"><a class="link" href="#public">3.1.1. Public</a></h4>
|
|
<div class="sect4">
|
|
<h5 id="structure"><a class="link" href="#structure">3.1.1.1. Structure</a></h5>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Public keys are stored in the following structure:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Key Structure</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="text"><table class="linenotable"><tbody><tr><td class="linenos gl"><pre class="lineno">1
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>0 uint32 allocator for 0.0 (4 bytes)
|
|
0.0 Public key type string (ASCII bytes; length defined above)
|
|
1 uint32 allocator for 1.0 (4 bytes)
|
|
1.0 Public exponent ('e')
|
|
2 uint32 allocator for 2.0 (4 bytes)
|
|
2.0 modulus ('n')
|
|
</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect4">
|
|
<h5 id="example"><a class="link" href="#example">3.1.1.2. Example</a></h5>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title"><code>.pub</code> format</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="text"><table class="linenotable"><tbody><tr><td class="linenos gl"><pre class="lineno">1
|
|
</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>ssh-rsa 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 This is a comment string
|
|
</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="title">Structure Reference (Hex) (Decoded Base64 component only; <code>AAA…​PBw==</code>)</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="text"><table class="linenotable"><tbody><tr><td class="linenos gl"><pre class="lineno"> 1
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>0 00000007 (7)
|
|
0.0 7373682d727361 ("ssh-rsa")
|
|
1 00000003 (3)
|
|
1.0 010001 (65537)
|
|
2 00000201 (513)
|
|
2.0 00b7cec04601ce2a12f0c924cb9a30eb990066812cb14369193f30b2b9fdd4af
|
|
cb300c918f2a77d64410f3617ae7c8ca318c257d3c4df4e2c4108bbbe93a8689
|
|
4ba14b3575f2f72150bc381dcbfb742c7a196866fd3184ace96761adda0fc299
|
|
2f6c866d7569919fc22d9c4bf0de405a8c76d519aa2a5329dc6825777229a5d0
|
|
b753a7825a89b95275f9c025e215343c6c88cd6690a221f8ae9ef675ee464dc7
|
|
d118da410507ea5d6b6489dd60afd8a6646492db3e279f1a78240db8abbda6c5
|
|
0714c9636650a72081e7fa5d472c1428b07eae5d15b64ea1e2a7508512fe9ab6
|
|
55f86a313486d3cca1dd8e90acc5c9fba4d6e767507fbab9f3a7f68c748142af
|
|
2a3701d31a8a9b7511958aa77187ba702ed934d385afcee42380e95e0e7e9bc0
|
|
f4d23367fc770374167b7f0926fb6fdb6d05aad1cfd191824845b014e18153bf
|
|
0d1d3c3b1fadbb25a3f1d151f9b684633d8c1690fcd8cad05aac2aeb23dbf19a
|
|
37e480a008910319c116d47bd924b39942543b88a0f6127952b2d8e1290f3029
|
|
f542aebe9c0c8e36cf3296865cd6643c8924d566ebf4971809399a1ac096fe1e
|
|
dc3b5f871bf5ef0b4d44e0ea27620d205142e0bfcf677b4db025532121a3f074
|
|
5aa4d0586331733257855a5cecbe3ac4403d04ff0cc0c58b7c04904b402125c2
|
|
bc2a63a20ebb309cc6f3e65db301a058b8dace07e71b38f3f3595433f69b198f
|
|
07
|
|
</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="private"><a class="link" href="#private">3.1.2. Private</a></h4>
|
|
<div class="sect4">
|
|
<h5 id="legacy_2"><a class="link" href="#legacy_2">3.1.2.1. Legacy</a></h5>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>TODO</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>TODO
|
|
===== v1</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="ed25519"><a class="link" href="#ed25519">3.2. ED25519</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footnotes">
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_1">
|
|
<a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7468" class="bare">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7468</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_2">
|
|
<a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a>. <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648" class="bare">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4648</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_3">
|
|
<a href="#_footnoteref_3">3</a>. <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8017" class="bare">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8017</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2022-03-06 02:56:10 -0500
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |