v1.17.0

ADDED:
* netx:
** docs updated
** added NOTES.adoc for more extensive info that doesn't need to be in
the library docs
** Addr4in6Compat()
** Addr4in6Mapped()
** Addr4in6Mapped()
** HasSubnet()
** IP4MapPfx4to6()
** IP4MapPfx6to4()
** IPSetCombined()
** IPSetFrom()
** IPSetFromNative()
** IsAddr4Compat()
** IsPublic()
** MustIPSetCombined()
** MustIPSetFrom()
** MustIPSetFromNative()
** Pfx4in6Compat() (untested)
** Pfx4in6Mapped() (untested)
** UnmapAddr()
** UnmapPfx()
** Better support in other functions for IPv4-Compatible/IPv4-Mapped
addressing

.githooks/pre-commit/01-docgen

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ for f in $(find . -type f -iname "README.adoc"); do
 	# 		* https://docbook.org/
 	#	* LaTex
 	#		* Allows for *very* extensive domain-specific ligature/representation (very common in mathematic/scientific literature)
-	#		* But nigh unreadable by human eyes unless you've rather familiar with it
+	#		* But nigh unreadable by human eyes unless you're rather familiar with it
 	#		* Parsing/rendering support about on-par with DocBook
 	#		* https://www.latex-project.org/
 	# </rant>

fsx/internal/todo/overlayfs/funcs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"embed"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+	"r00t2.io/sysutils/paths"
+)
+
+// NewEmbedFsMember returns an embedFsMember from embedFs.
+func NewEmbedFsMember(embedFs *embed.FS) (m *embedFsMember) {
+
+	m = &embedFsMember{
+		FS: embedFs,
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+NewMergedFS returns a MergedFS.
+
+The last filesystem in a MergedFS is always embedTplFS.
+If fsPaths is empty, mfs will only contain embedTplFS.
+
+Nonexisting paths in fsPaths will be skipped (and added to the noExist slice).
+
+Order will be retained but duplicates will be skipped and added to the dupes slice.
+
+noExist and dupes will be nil if no non-existing or duplicate paths are encountereed.
+*/
+func NewMergedFS(fsPaths ...string) (mfs *MergedFS, noExist, dupes []string, err error) {
+
+	var m MergedFS
+	var exists bool
+	var fsPath string
+	var fsMem mergedFsMember
+
+	m = MergedFS{
+		fses:          make([]mergedFsMember, 0, len(fsPaths)+1),
+		overridePaths: make([]string, 0, len(fsPaths)+1),
+		uniq:          mapset.NewSet[string](),
+	}
+
+	for _, fsPath = range fsPaths {
+		if exists, err = paths.RealPathExists(&fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !exists {
+			noExist = append(noExist, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !m.uniq.Add(fsPath) {
+			dupes = append(dupes, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		if fsMem, err = NewRealFsMember(fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		m.fses = append(m.fses, fsMem)
+		m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths, fsPath)
+	}
+	// embedded fs last
+	m.fses = append(m.fses, NewEmbedFsMember(&embedTplFS))
+	m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths, "")
+
+	m.fses = slices.Clip(m.fses)
+	m.overridePaths = slices.Clip(m.overridePaths)
+
+	mfs = &m
+
+	return
+}
+
+// NewRealFsMember returns a realFsMember (which properly conforms to mergedFsMember) from a real filesystem path.
+func NewRealFsMember(fsPath string) (fsm *realFsMember, err error) {
+
+	var fsp string
+	var m realFsMember
+
+	if err = paths.RealPath(&fsp); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if m.Root, err = os.OpenRoot(fsPath); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	fsm = &m
+
+	return
+}

fsx/internal/todo/overlayfs/funcs_embedfsmember.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+)
+
+// Close is a no-op, but used to conform to mergedFsMember.
+func (e *embedFsMember) Close() (err error) { return }
+
+// Stat wraps fs.Stat on the embeded filesystem.
+func (e *embedFsMember) Stat(fnm string) (stat fs.FileInfo, err error) {
+
+	if stat, err = fs.Stat(e.FS, fnm); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}

fsx/internal/todo/overlayfs/funcs_mergedfs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+
+	"r00t2.io/sysutils/paths"
+)
+
+/*
+Append adds fsPaths  as fs.FS to the MergedFS (before the embed.FS).
+
+If fsPaths is empty, Append is a NO-OP.
+
+noExist and dupes have the same meaning as in NewMergedFS.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) Append(fsPaths ...string) (noExist, dupes []string, err error) {
+
+	var exists bool
+	var fsPath string
+	var newPaths []string
+	var fsMem *realFsMember
+	var newFs []mergedFsMember
+
+	m.mut.Lock()
+	defer m.mut.Unlock()
+
+	newPaths = make([]string, 0, len(fsPaths))
+	newFs = make([]mergedFsMember, 0, len(fsPaths))
+
+	for _, fsPath = range fsPaths {
+		if exists, err = paths.RealPathExists(&fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !exists {
+			noExist = append(noExist, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		if fsMem, err = NewRealFsMember(fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !m.uniq.Add(fsPath) {
+			dupes = append(dupes, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		newFs = append(newFs, fsMem)
+		newPaths = append(newPaths, fsPath)
+	}
+
+	if len(newFs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths, newPaths...)
+	m.fses = append(m.fses[:len(m.fses)-1], append(newFs, m.fses[len(m.fses)-1])...)
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Close closes all realFsMember members. This MergedFS will not be able to be used after this is called.
+func (m *MergedFS) Close() (err error) {
+
+	var fsMem mergedFsMember
+
+	m.mut.Lock()
+	defer m.mut.Unlock()
+
+	for _, fsMem = range m.fses {
+		if err = fsMem.(io.Closer).Close(); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Insert adds fsPaths as fs.FS to a MergedFS starting at index idx.
+
+If fsPaths is empty, Insert is a NO-OP.
+
+If idx is 0 or negative, they will be prepended.
+If idx is larger than the last index of real directories (excluding the last embed.FS),
+it will be reduced to the highest valid index.
+
+noExist and dupes have the same meaning as in NewMergedFS.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) Insert(idx int, fsPaths ...string) (noExist, dupes []string, err error) {
+
+	var exists bool
+	var fsPath string
+	var newPaths []string
+	var fsMem *realFsMember
+	var newFs []mergedFsMember
+
+	if len(fsPaths) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.mut.Lock()
+	defer m.mut.Unlock()
+
+	newPaths = make([]string, 0, len(fsPaths))
+	newFs = make([]mergedFsMember, 0, len(fsPaths))
+
+	for _, fsPath = range fsPaths {
+		if exists, err = paths.RealPathExists(&fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !exists {
+			noExist = append(noExist, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		if fsMem, err = NewRealFsMember(fsPath); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !m.uniq.Add(fsPath) {
+			dupes = append(dupes, fsPath)
+			continue
+		}
+		newPaths = append(newPaths, fsPath)
+		newFs = append(newFs, fsMem)
+	}
+
+	if len(newFs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if idx < 0 {
+		m.fses = append(newFs, m.fses...)
+		m.overridePaths = append(newPaths, m.overridePaths...)
+		return
+	} else if idx >= len(m.fses)-1 {
+		idx = len(m.fses) - 2
+	}
+
+	m.fses = append(m.fses[:idx], append(newFs, m.fses[idx:]...)...)
+	m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths[:idx], append(newPaths, m.overridePaths[idx:]...)...)
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Open opens filename fnm and returns it as file handler fh.
+func (m *MergedFS) Open(fnm string) (fh fs.File, err error) {
+
+	var fsref fs.FS
+
+	m.mut.RLock()
+	defer m.mut.RUnlock()
+
+	// Iterate until a match is found.
+	for _, fsref = range m.fses {
+		if fh, err = fsref.Open(fnm); err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// No match found.
+	err = &fs.PathError{
+		Op:   "Open",
+		Path: fnm,
+		Err:  fs.ErrNotExist,
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Paths returns a slice of real filesystem paths that are used by this MergedFS.
+
+If sorted is true, they will be returned as a sorted slice -
+otherwise they will be returned in the order they are checked.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) Paths(sorted bool) (fsPaths []string) {
+
+	m.mut.RLock()
+	defer m.mut.RUnlock()
+
+	if sorted {
+		fsPaths = m.uniq.ToSlice()
+		slices.Sort(fsPaths)
+	} else {
+		fsPaths = make([]string, len(m.overridePaths)-1)
+		copy(fsPaths, m.overridePaths[:len(m.overridePaths)-1])
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+ReadDir returns a listing of path matcher fpath.
+
+The result is a combination of all filesystems; the first encountered matching
+name is added.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) ReadDir(fpath string) (entries []fs.DirEntry, err error) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var e fs.DirEntry
+	var tmpEntries []fs.DirEntry
+	var seen map[string]bool = make(map[string]bool)
+
+	m.mut.RLock()
+	defer m.mut.RUnlock()
+
+	// merge real and embedded, preferring first-seen real paths
+	for idx, _ = range m.fses {
+		if m.overridePaths[idx] == "" {
+			if tmpEntries, err = m.fses[idx].ReadDir(filepath.FromSlash(fpath)); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+		} else {
+			if tmpEntries, err = os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(m.overridePaths[idx], filepath.FromSlash(fpath))); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		for _, e = range tmpEntries {
+			if seen[e.Name()] {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[e.Name()] = true
+			entries = append(entries, e)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+ReadFile returns the bytes for the first found fpath.
+
+It wraps MergedFS.Open.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) ReadFile(fpath string) (b []byte, err error) {
+
+	var fh fs.File
+
+	if fh, err = m.Open(fpath); nil != err {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if fh != nil {
+			if err = fh.Close(); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if b, err = io.ReadAll(fh); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Stat returns the fs.FileInfo for the first found fpath.
+
+It wraps MergedFS.Open.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) Stat(fpath string) (stat fs.FileInfo, err error) {
+
+	var fh fs.File
+
+	if fh, err = m.Open(fpath); nil != err {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if fh != nil {
+			if err = fh.Close(); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if stat, err = fh.Stat(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+RemoveFsByIdx removes the filesystem found at index idx.
+
+An attempt to remove the final embed.FS filesystem will result in an ErrFsIdxOOB.
+
+If idx is larger than the last index of "real" filesystems, an ErrFsIdxOOB will be returned.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) RemoveFsByIdx(idx uint) (err error) {
+
+	var fsPath string
+
+	m.mut.Lock()
+	defer m.mut.Unlock()
+
+	if idx+1 == uint(len(m.fses)) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if idx > uint(len(m.overridePaths)-1) {
+		err = ErrFsIdxOOB
+		return
+	}
+
+	fsPath = m.overridePaths[idx]
+	if m.uniq.Contains(fsPath) {
+		m.uniq.Remove(fsPath)
+	}
+
+	m.fses = append(m.fses[:idx], m.fses[idx+1:]...)
+	m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths[:idx], m.overridePaths[idx+1:]...)
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+RemoveFsByPath removes the fileststem with path dirPath.
+
+If dirpath is empty, this function NOOPs.
+
+If dirpath does not exist in this MergedFS, an ErrFsPathNoExists will be returned.
+*/
+func (m *MergedFS) RemoveFsByPath(dirPath string) (err error) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var fsp string
+	var p string = dirPath
+
+	if p == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = paths.RealPath(&p); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.mut.Lock()
+	defer m.mut.Unlock()
+
+	if !m.uniq.Contains(p) {
+		err = ErrFsPathNoExists
+		return
+	}
+	m.uniq.Remove(p)
+
+	for idx, fsp = range m.overridePaths {
+		if fsp == p {
+			m.fses = append(m.fses[:idx], m.fses[idx+1:]...)
+			m.overridePaths = append(m.overridePaths[:idx], m.overridePaths[idx+1:]...)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ErrFsIdxOOB
+
+	return
+}

fsx/internal/todo/overlayfs/funcs_realfsmember.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"r00t2.io/sysutils/paths"
+)
+
+// Open opens file fnm.
+func (r *realFsMember) Open(fnm string) (fh fs.File, err error) {
+
+	if fh, err = r.Root.Open(fnm); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// ReadDir returns directory entries at fpath joined with the realFsMember's root.
+func (r *realFsMember) ReadDir(fpath string) (entries []fs.DirEntry, err error) {
+
+	var rel string
+	var fsp string = fpath
+
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(fsp) {
+		fsp = filepath.Join(
+			r.Root.Name(),
+			filepath.FromSlash(fsp),
+		)
+	}
+	if err = paths.RealPath(&fsp); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if rel, err = filepath.Rel(r.Root.Name(), fsp); err != nil {
+		// Not relative to this root, so skip.
+		err = nil
+		return
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(rel, "..") {
+		// Absolute but not relative to this root, so skip.
+		return
+	}
+
+	if entries, err = os.ReadDir(fsp); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}

fsx/internal/todo/overlayfs/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package main
+
+type (
+        mergedFsMember interface {
+                fs.ReadDirFS
+                fs.ReadFileFS
+                fs.StatFS
+                io.Closer
+        }
+        realFsMember struct {
+                *os.Root
+        }
+        embedFsMember struct {
+                *embed.FS
+        }
+        MergedFS struct {
+                // always appended with embedTplFs
+                fses          []mergedFsMember
+                overridePaths []string
+                uniq          mapset.Set[string]
+                mut           sync.RWMutex
+        }
+)

go.mod

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 module r00t2.io/goutils
 
-go 1.25.0
+go 1.26
 
 require (
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
+	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v1.1.4
-	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.5
+	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.6
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
-	r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.2
+	r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.5
 )
 
 require (
@@ -22,12 +23,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/djherbis/times v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260330125221-c963978e514e // indirect
+	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260627054121-477a66015f15 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.24 // indirect
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.17.9 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0 h1:LAEzFkke61DFROc7zNLX/WA2i5J8gYqe0rSj
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.7.0/go.mod h1:xNUYtjHu2EDXbsxz1i41wouACIwT7Ybq9o0BQhMwD0w=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.9.0 h1:prva4eP9UysWagLyKrtn074ughi0NnkIf0A4M5yOCKI=
+github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.9.0/go.mod h1:EWknQXbs0mcFpat2QOoXV0Ee57cD+w6ZEN76BR2JVrM=
 github.com/djherbis/times v1.6.0 h1:w2ctJ92J8fBvWPxugmXIv7Nz7Q3iDMKNx9v5ocVH20c=
 github.com/djherbis/times v1.6.0/go.mod h1:gOHeRAz2h+VJNZ5Gmc/o7iD9k4wW7NMVqieYCY99oc0=
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.9.1 h1:a/k2f2HQU3Pi399RPW1MOaZyhKJL9w/xFpKAg4q1s0A=
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.0 h1:QIw4xfpWT6GWTzaW5XEKy3HXoqrJGx1ijYHzTF0/
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.0/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.1 h1:dewVBCBT2GaMu1SrNTYxQhgQBethzfhiwvZiLGP/qyY=
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.1/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2 h1:W809HbnvzAxgdm+aOvlSekrM16wGCdT/e76+9tS7gzE=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 h1:Zp3PiM21/9Ld6FzSKyL5c/BULoe/ONr9KlbYVOfG8+w=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0/go.mod h1:zNk67I0ZUT1bEGsSGyCZYZNrHuTkJJB+r6Q9VuMi0LE=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
@@ -51,6 +55,8 @@ github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260216142805-b3301c5f2a88 h1:PTw+yKnXcOFCR6
 github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260216142805-b3301c5f2a88/go.mod h1:autxFIvghDt3jPTLoqZ9OZ7s9qTGNAWmYCjVFWPX/zg=
 github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260330125221-c963978e514e h1:Q6MvJtQK/iRcRtzAscm/zF23XxJlbECiGPyRicsX+Ak=
 github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260330125221-c963978e514e/go.mod h1:autxFIvghDt3jPTLoqZ9OZ7s9qTGNAWmYCjVFWPX/zg=
+github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260627054121-477a66015f15 h1:YkjVPl/YH5XlJ+/NiwzJtPYXXKRcyjmEUhsDci6YK3c=
+github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260627054121-477a66015f15/go.mod h1:autxFIvghDt3jPTLoqZ9OZ7s9qTGNAWmYCjVFWPX/zg=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15 h1:+u9SLTRGnXv73cEsnsmoZBom+dMU88B2M0aDcWy0/jY=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15/go.mod h1:6LmQG8QLFO4G5z1gPvYEzlUgJ2wF+stgPZH1UqBm1s8=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22 h1:j8l17JJ9i6VGPUFUYoTUKPSgKe/83EYU2zBC7YNKMw4=
@@ -81,6 +87,8 @@ github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.2 h1:X8i6sicvUFih4BmYIGT1m2wwgw2VG9YgrDTi7cI
 github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.2/go.mod h1:LZ6ewCSkBqUpvSOf+LsTGnRinC6iaNUNMGBtDkJBaLQ=
 github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.5 h1:RPcBXkpz7kOj9PqGFQOlBPZHsyaPvPVQc098y9RmCNM=
 github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.5/go.mod h1:LZ6ewCSkBqUpvSOf+LsTGnRinC6iaNUNMGBtDkJBaLQ=
+github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.6 h1:Mzr/npDtQC/xpeEuQKHZt8Zo9CmPvhTj8nkR8w5TLDs=
+github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.6/go.mod h1:LZ6ewCSkBqUpvSOf+LsTGnRinC6iaNUNMGBtDkJBaLQ=
 github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 h1:bxl37RwXBklmTi0C79JfXCEBD1cqqHt0bbgBAGFp81k=
 github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gawqmDU56v4yIKSwfBSFip1HdCCXN8/+DMd9qYNcwME=
 github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 h1:h2x0u2shc1QuLHfxi+cTJvs30+ZAHOGRic8uyGTDWxY=
@@ -97,6 +105,8 @@ github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.12.0 h1:NR85qdvHA9pFse3x3weVZ0r0ST8R6l5RHbZrlRaqo
 github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.12.0/go.mod h1:ABHeXzJnr/qqwguhClkZKT1/8VABcYrsyUiUGobwWJg=
 github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 h1:zFUKzehAFReQwLys1b/iSMl+JQGSCSjtVqQn9bBrPo0=
 github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
+go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.17.9 h1:IexDdCuuNJ3BHrELgBlyaH9p60JXAvdzWR128q+U5tU=
+go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.17.9/go.mod h1:LlOhpH5NUEfhxcAwG0UEkMqwYcc4JU18gtCdGudk/tQ=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba h1:0b9z3AuHCjxk0x/opv64kcgZLBseWJUpBw5I82+2U4M=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/WfdlivPbZJsZdgWZlrGope/Y=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.47.0 h1:V6e3FRj+n4dbpw86FJ8Fv7XVOql7TEwpHapKoMJ/GO8=
@@ -105,10 +115,14 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0 h1:/VRzVqiRSggnhY7gNRxPauEQ5Drw9haKdM0jqfcCFts=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0/go.mod h1:r0kV5h3qnFPlQnBSrULhlsRfryS2pmewsg+XfMgkVos=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0 h1:QZ4Muo8THX6CizN2vPPd5fBGHyogrdK9fG4wLPFUsto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0/go.mod h1:DNLU434OwVakk9PzuwV8w62mAJpRJL3vsgcfp4Qnsio=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0 h1:HLII4xRRTtCRkxYp4HNFF0Js/Og6q2i++KXbg0gHCwM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190916202348-b4ddaad3f8a3/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201204225414-ed752295db88/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220615213510-4f61da869c0c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -119,7 +133,11 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0 h1:Ivj+2Cp/ylzLiEU89QhWblYnOE9zerudt9Ftecq2C6k=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.41.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 h1:noSf2Fq6F8DBgS+LysIkx7rIExoNHJsxOAtPp4rthXw=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.2 h1:wI01UwZ/bXn/lzBiCpqDmzZCOWiK87kz04SB4xRw+W0=
 r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.2/go.mod h1:iXK+ALOwIdRKjAJIE5USlkZ669SVDHBNNuYhunsznH8=
+r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.5 h1:0v/HWTLOl8UN8B6koXM3e+TWN1N3eAoUM+xGK+itwq0=
+r00t2.io/sysutils v1.16.5/go.mod h1:GAVZuZeLWiFgzfVVL/6oHgtGDm+h/tT5z11DwPS+fSU=

mapsx/funcs.go

@@ -26,10 +26,62 @@ func GetOk[Map ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m Map, k K, v V) (val V, found boo
 }
 
 /*
-	Must, unlike [Get] or [GetOk], requires that `k` be in map `m`.
+ListKeys returns map `m`'s keys as a slice (unlike [maps.Keys],
+which returns an iterator via [iter.Seq]).
 
-	A panic with error [ErrNotFound] will be raised if `k` is not present.
+ListKeys will return nil if `m` is nil, and an empty slice
-	Otherwise the found value will be returned.
+if `m` is non-nil but empty.
+
+The ordering of `mapKeys` is unpredictable as maps are unsorted
+and no explicit sorting is performed.
+*/
+func ListKeys[Map ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m Map) (mapKeys []K) {
+
+	var k K
+
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	mapKeys = make([]K, 0, len(m))
+
+	for k, _ = range m {
+		mapKeys = append(mapKeys, k)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+ListValues returns map `m`'s values as a slice (unlike [maps.Values],
+which returns an iterator via [iter.Seq]).
+
+ListValues will return nil if `m` is nil, and an empty slice
+if `m` is non-nil but empty.
+
+The ordering of `mapVals` is unpredictable as maps are unsorted
+and no explicit sorting is performed.
+*/
+func ListValues[Map ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m Map) (mapVals []V) {
+
+	var v V
+
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	mapVals = make([]V, 0, len(m))
+
+	for _, v = range m {
+		mapVals = append(mapVals, v)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Must, unlike [Get] or [GetOk], requires that `k` be in map `m`.
+
+A panic with error [ErrNotFound] will be raised if `k` is not present.
+Otherwise the found value will be returned.
 */
 func Must[Map ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m Map, k K) (val V) {
 

netx/NOTES.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+= `netx` Notes
+Brent Saner <bts@square-r00t.net>
+Last rendered {localdatetime}
+:doctype: book
+:docinfo: shared
+:data-uri:
+:imagesdir: images
+:sectlinks:
+:sectnums:
+:sectnumlevels: 7
+:toc: preamble
+:toc2: left
+:idprefix:
+:toclevels: 7
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:docinfo: shared
+
+[id="4in6"]
+== IPv4 Addresses as IPv6
+There are, effectively, two RFC-specified ways of representing an IPv4 address in IPv6 notation/address space/context.
+
+Per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5[RFC 4291 § 2.5.5^]:
+
+* _IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address_ (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1[RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.1^]) -- `::/96`
+** e.g. `::192.0.2.10`
+* _IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address_ (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2[RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.2^]) -- `::ffff:0:0/96`
+** e.g. `::ffff:192.0.2.10`
+
+The former is considered deprecated, whereas the latter is considered the modern proper representation.
+Some naïve or legacy software, however, still use the former.
+
+An IPv6 address is *128 bits* (hence a prefix length/mask of `/128` representing a complete address), or *16 bytes* (`128 / 8`).
+
+An IPv4 address is *32 bits* (hence a prefix length/mask of `/32` representing a complete address), or *4 bytes* (`32 / 8`).
+
+This is why both the "IPv4-compatible" and "IPv4-mapped" IPv6 addresses are within a reserved prefix length of 96 bits (`/96`) - it leaves a remaining
+*32 bits* (`128 - 96`) for a complete IPv4 address.
+
+[IMPORTANT]
+====
+The IPv4-Compatible and IPv4-Mapped prefixes *are not* intended for routing!
+
+They are used for *syntactic/contextual* use.
+
+For routing/actual IPv4 <=> IPv6 translation, see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6052[RFC 6052^] and https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8215[RFC 8215^].
+
+This library may add supporting functions for these _translation_ prefixes at a later time.
+====
+
+[id="4in6_addr"]
+=== Addresses
+While https://pkg.go.dev/net/netip#ParseAddr[`net/netip.ParseAddr`^] (or https://pkg.go.dev/net/netip#MustParseAddr[`net/netip.MustParseAddr`^]) will handle
+*parsing* the "IPv4-Compatible" format just fine, it will treat it *as* an IPv6 address -- not an "IPv6-wrapped/IPv6-mapped IPv4" address.
+
+[%collapsible]
+.For example...
+====
+[source,go]
+----
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Printf(
+		"::192.0.2.10 -> %s\n",
+		netip.MustParseAddr("::192.0.2.10").String(),
+	)
+}
+----
+
+will print:
+
+[source,text]
+----
+::192.0.2.10 -> ::c000:20a
+----
+====
+
+For addresses, this is an easy enough fix:
+
+. Take the IPv6 as a byte slice, `b` (`b = ip4in6.AsSlice()`)
+. Slice out the last 4 bytes as `b2` (`b2 = b[12:16]`)
+. Parse `b2` as an IPv4 address (`ip4 = netip.FromSlice(b2)`)
+
+For the visual learners, the original address (`::192.0.2.10` or, more properly, `::c000:20a`) can be represented in multiple ways.
+
+[%collapsible]
+.For instance...
+====
+* A "canonical"/shorted IPv6 address: `::c000:20a`
+* A fully "exploded" IPv6 address: `0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c000:020a`
+* Hex bytes:
+** `00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:C0:00:02:0A`
+** `0x000000000000000000000000C000020A`
+** Via `xxd(1)`:
++
+[source,text]
+----
+# xxd -c4 -g 1
+00000000: 00 00 00 00  ....
+00000004: 00 00 00 00  ....
+00000008: 00 00 00 00  ....
+0000000c: c0 00 02 0a  ....
+----
+** Via `hexdump(1)`:
++
+[source,text]
+----
+# hexdump -v -e '"%08_ax: " 4/1 "0x%02X ""\n"'
+00000000: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
+00000004: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
+00000008: 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
+0000000c: 0xC0 0x00 0x02 0x0A
+----
+* A Go byte slice:
+** Either as explicit `byte`:
++
+[source,go]
+----
+[]byte{
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0xC0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0A,
+}
+----
+** Or as `uint8` (a `byte` is, quite literally, https://go.dev/ref/spec#Numeric_types[just a type alias for `uint8`^]):
++
+[source,go]
+----
+[]byte{
+	uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0),
+	uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0),
+	uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0), uint8(0),
+	uint8(192), uint8(0), uint8(2), uint8(10),
+}
+----
+====
+
+When seeing it represented as a slice of `uint8`, some things should start to click mentally looking at the last
+four bytes.
+
+An IPv4 address can then be derived by taking the last four bytes (`[]byte{...}[12:16]`):
+
+* `[]byte{0xC0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0A}`
+* `[]byte(uint8(192), uint8(0), uint8(2), uint8(10))`
+
+As you may have guessed by now, this is the byte format of the IPv4 address `192.0.2.10`.
+
+The `netx.UnmapAddr()` function handles this cleanly.
+
+'''
+
+If you instead prefer to think in _prefixing/masking_, the last four bytes are *32 bits* (`8 * 4`) -- the size of an IPv4 address.
+
+The "compatible" mapping is '::/96', and an IPv6 address is *128 bits* (*16 bytes*, `128 / 8`) total -- `128 - 96 == 32 bits`, or *4 bytes*.
+
+[id="4in6_pfx"]
+=== Prefixes
+Prefixes are a little more tricky.
+
+Prefixing for IPv4-Compatible/IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses works a bit oddly because generally the "4-in-6" addresses are
+meant to be purely representative - a way to represent IPv4 addresses in IPv6 implementations.
+
+But there are cases where one needs a *prefix* represented.
+This leads to the awkward case where an IPv4 prefix length (e.g. `/24`) needs to be represented as an IPv6 prefix length (e.g. `/120`).
+
+While this module (`netx`) does offer helper functions to calculate this (`netx.IP4MapPfx6to4()`, `netx.IP4MapPfx4to6()`),
+the `netx.UnmapPfx()` function is offered as a convenience function that handles the translation from an IPv6 representation
+of an IPv4 prefix into a fully "native" IPv4 prefix.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+`netx.IP4MapPfx4to6(len4 uint8)` simply takes the prefix length `len4`, and (if `len4 <= 32`) adds `96`.
+
+`netx.IP4MapPfx6to4(len6 uint8)` simply takes the prefix length `len6`, and (if `len6 >= 96`) subtracts `96`.
+====
+
+This is achieved by:
+
+. Taking the address from the prefix (`ip4in6 = pfx4in6.Addr()`)
+.. And <<4in6_addr, converting to native IPv4>> (`ip4 = netx.UnmapAddr(ip4in6)`)
+. Taking the IPv6 prefix length (`len6 = pfx4in6.Bits()`)
+.. And converting it to an IPv4 prefix length (`len4 = netx.IP4MapPfx6to4(uint8(len6))`)
+. Then re-assembling (`pfx4 = netip.PrefixFrom(ip4, int(len4))`)
+
+
+[id="misc"]
+== Miscellaneous
+
+[id="misc_unspec"]
+=== Unspecified Address
+There are two "unspecified" addresses for each family:
+
+* IPv4
+** `0.0.0.0/0`
+** `0.0.0.0/32`
+* IPv6
+** `::/0`
+** `::/128`
+
+For each family, the `/0` prefix length 

netx/consts.go

@@ -1,10 +1,52 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`net/netip`
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+const (
+	ip4in6Legacy96 string = "::"
+	ip4in6Modern96 string = "::ffff:"
 )
 
 var (
-	ip4In6Legacy netip.Prefix = netip.MustParsePrefix("::/96")
+	// IPv4 documentation prefixes (RFC 5737)
-	ip4In6Modern netip.Prefix = netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:0:0/96")
+	ipDoc4pfxs []netip.Prefix = []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.0/24"),
+	}
+	ipDoc4 *netipx.IPSet = MustIPSetFromNative(nil, ipDoc4pfxs, nil)
+	// IPv6 documentation prefixes (RFC 3849, RFC 9637)
+	ipDoc6pfxs []netip.Prefix = []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("3fff::/20"),
+	}
+	ipDoc6 *netipx.IPSet = MustIPSetFromNative(nil, ipDoc6pfxs, nil)
+	// combined documentation prefixes
+	ipDoc *netipx.IPSet = MustIPSetCombined(
+		[]*netipx.IPSet{
+			ipDoc4,
+			ipDoc6,
+		},
+	)
+
+	// CGNAT/LSN (RFC 6598)
+	cgnat4 netip.Prefix = netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10")
+
+	// IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address, RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.1
+	ip4in6Legacy netip.Prefix = netip.MustParsePrefix(ip4in6Legacy96 + "/96")
+	// IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address, RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.2
+	ip4in6Modern netip.Prefix = netip.MustParsePrefix(ip4in6Modern96 + "0:0/96")
+	// both
+	ip4in6 *netipx.IPSet = MustIPSetFromNative(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{
+			ip4in6Legacy,
+			ip4in6Modern,
+		},
+		nil,
+	)
 )

netx/consts_nix.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`golang.org/x/sys/unix`
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
 const (

netx/consts_windows.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`golang.org/x/sys/windows`
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
 const (

netx/doc.go

@@ -1,4 +1,128 @@
 /*
 Package netx includes extensions to the stdlib [net] module.
+
+It provides many functions that should be significantly more helpful for those working with networking a significant amount.
+
+Some functions may be "missing". This is by design; the corresponding functionality should be available in stdlib.
+
+For example, while there is an [IsAddr4Compat] function, there is no "IsAddr4Mapped". This is because this can be accomplished via the following:
+
+	var ip netip.Addr
+
+	// ...
+
+	ip.Is4In6()
+
+	// ...
+
+If you are looking for specific functionality in this library but are unable to find it,
+this is because the functionality already exists in (in the author's opinion) a reasonably convenient
+methodology via one of the following:
+
+  - [net]
+  - [net/netip]
+  - [go4.org/netipx]
+
+# IP Family/Versioning
+
+There are different ways of expressing an IP address/network's version (e.g. IPv4, IPv6).
+
+Some libraries expect an integer representation (e.g. 4, 6).
+
+Some libraries expect a system/OS-constant instead (e.g. unix.AF_INET, unix.AF_INET6, windows.AF_INET, windows.AF_INET6).
+
+The following functions are offered to assist with this translation:
+
+  - [FamilyToVer]
+  - [GetAddrFamily]
+  - [GetIpFamily]
+  - [IpVerStr]
+  - [VerToFamily]
+
+The following constants are offered to make cross-platform development more fluid (these are set according to the build target):
+
+  - [AFUnspec]
+  - [AFInet]
+  - [AFInet6]
+
+# IP Sets
+
+This library provides convenience functions for getting a [netipx.IPSet] in single-entry functions:
+
+  - [IPSetCombined]
+  - [IPSetFrom]
+  - [IPSetFromNative]
+  - [MustIPSetCombined]
+  - [MustIPSetFrom]
+  - [MustIPSetFromNative]
+
+# Canonical String Representation
+
+Go's stdlib [net] and [net/netip] don't always properly display or handle the proper string formatting per RFC conventions.
+
+The following functions assist with this:
+
+  - [AddrRfc]
+  - [IpRfc]
+  - [IpRfcStr]
+  - [IpStripRfcStr]
+  - [IsBracketedIp6]
+  - [IsPrefixNet]
+
+# Netmask and CIDR Conversions
+
+An IPv4 network size can be represented by both a netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0") or a CIDR prefix length (e.g. "/24"),
+as well as a numeric bitmask form (which is different from the prefix length).
+
+This module offers functions that assist with easy translation between these formats:
+
+  - [Cidr4ToIPMask]
+  - [Cidr4ToMask]
+  - [Cidr4ToStr]
+  - [IPMask4ToCidr]
+  - [IPMask4ToMask]
+  - [IPMask4ToStr]
+  - [Mask4StrToCidr]
+  - [Mask4StrToIPMask]
+  - [Mask4StrToMask]
+  - [Mask4ToCidr]
+  - [Mask4ToIPMask]
+  - [Mask4ToStr]
+
+# IPv4 Addresses as IPv6
+
+There are two canonical ways of representing an IPv4 address as an IPv6 address, per RFC 4291 ([section 2.5.5]):
+
+  - "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Addresses" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1]) — ::/96
+  - "IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]) — ::ffff:0:0/96
+
+The former (::/96) is considered deprecated, and there is only parsing support for it in Go stdlib.
+
+There are a number of functions tailored for use with both of these formats in this module:
+
+  - [Addr4in6Compat]
+  - [Addr4in6Mapped]
+  - [IP4MapPfx4to6]
+  - [IP4MapPfx6to4]
+  - [IsAddr4Compat]
+  - [Pfx4in6Compat]
+  - [Pfx4in6Mapped]
+  - [UnmapAddr]
+  - [UnmapPfx]
+
+For more technical/detailed information, refer to the ./NOTES.adoc file in this module's
+git repository, specifically the "IPv4 Addresses as IPv6" section.
+
+# Miscellaneous Functions
+
+Other functions that may be of use:
+
+  - [IsPublic] — Note that this does not guarantee that it is a *valid* public IP address (especially in the case of IPv6),
+    simply that it isn't in a non-WAN-routable prefix reserved by current standards.
+  - [HasSubnet]
+
+[section 2.5.5]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
 */
 package netx

netx/errors.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`errors`
+	"errors"
 )
 
 var (

netx/funcs.go

@@ -1,15 +1,110 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`math/bits`
+	"fmt"
-	`net`
+	"math/bits"
-	`net/netip`
+	"net"
-	`strconv`
+	"net/netip"
-	`strings`
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
-	`go4.org/netipx`
+	"go4.org/netipx"
 )
 
+/*
+Addr4in6Compat takes IP address `addr` and, if an IPv4 address, returns it
+as an "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1]).
+
+If `addr` is already an IPv6 address and NOT in the '::/96' or '::0:0/96' prefix,
+`addr` will be returned as `compatAddr`.
+
+If `addr` is an IPv6 address and is an IPv4-Mapped prefix ('::0:0/96'),
+then `compatAddr` will be an IPv4-Compatible address conversion of `addr`.
+
+If `addr` is an IPv6 address and IS in the '::/96' prefix,
+`addr` will be returned as `compatAddr`.
+
+If `addr` is invalid, `compatAddr` will be the [netip.Addr] returned by [netip.IPv6Unspecified].
+
+Note that this is the DEPRECATED format for IPv4-addresses-as-IPv6!
+The modern, proper equivalent is "IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]),
+which can be performed via [Addr4in6Mapped] instead.
+
+  - If you need an IPv6 address format for an IPv4 address and don't know
+    if you need this function or not, you want [Addr4in6Mapped] instead.
+  - If you THINK you want this function, you want [Addr4in6Mapped] instead.
+  - If you ABSOLUTELY KNOW you need this function, you're probably dealing with
+    some very old IPv6 implementations.
+    But you at least know you need this function.
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func Addr4in6Compat(addr netip.Addr) (compatAddr netip.Addr) {
+
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		compatAddr = netip.IPv6Unspecified()
+		return
+	}
+
+	compatAddr = addr
+
+	if addr.Is6() {
+		if addr.Is4In6() {
+			compatAddr = Addr4in6Compat(UnmapAddr(addr))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !addr.Is6() {
+		compatAddr = netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", ip4in6Legacy96, addr.String()))
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Addr4in6Mapped takes IP address `addr` and, if an IPv4 address, returns it
+as an "IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]).
+
+You should almost assuredly be using this function instead of [Addr4in6Compat].
+
+If `addr` is already an IPv6 address and NOT in the '::/96' or '::0:0/96' prefix,
+`addr` will be returned as `mappedAddr`.
+
+If `addr` is an IPv6 address and is an IPv4-Compatible prefix ('::/96'),
+then `mappedAddr` will be an IPv4-Mapped address conversion of `addr`.
+
+If `addr` is an IPv6 address and IS in the '::ffff:0:0/96' prefix,
+`addr` will be returned as `mappedAddr`.
+
+If `addr` is invalid, `mappedAddr` will be the [netip.Addr] returned by [netip.IPv6Unspecified].
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func Addr4in6Mapped(addr netip.Addr) (mappedAddr netip.Addr) {
+
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		mappedAddr = netip.IPv6Unspecified()
+		return
+	}
+
+	mappedAddr = addr
+
+	if addr.Is6() {
+		if !IsAddr4Compat(addr) {
+			return
+		}
+		mappedAddr = UnmapAddr(addr)
+	}
+
+	if !mappedAddr.Is6() {
+		mappedAddr = netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", ip4in6Modern96, mappedAddr.String()))
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 /*
 AddrRfc returns an RFC-friendly string from an IP address ([net/netip.Addr]).
 
@@ -17,6 +112,15 @@ If addr is an IPv4 address, it will simply be the string representation (e.g. "2
 
 If addr is an IPv6 address, it will be enclosed in brackets (e.g. "[2001:db8::1]").
 
+IPv4-Compatible IPv6 addresses will be represented as e.g. "[::203.0.113.1]".
+
+IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses will be represented as e.g. "[::ffff:203.0.113.1]".
+
+Note that if addr is an IPv6 unspecifified address derived as an "IPv4-Compatible",
+then `rfcStr` will always be the IPv6 unspecified address (::), NOT an IPv4-Compatible
+unspecified (::0.0.0.0). Refer to the documentation for [IsAddr4Compat] as to why
+this happens.
+
 If the version can't be determined, rfcStr will be an empty string.
 */
 func AddrRfc(addr netip.Addr) (rfcStr string) {
@@ -24,7 +128,15 @@ func AddrRfc(addr netip.Addr) (rfcStr string) {
 	if addr.Is4() {
 		rfcStr = addr.String()
 	} else if addr.Is6() {
-		rfcStr = "[" + addr.String() + "]"
+		switch {
+		case IsAddr4Compat(addr):
+			rfcStr = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", ip4in6Legacy96, UnmapAddr(addr).String())
+		// addr.Is4In6() addrs format properly
+		default:
+			rfcStr = addr.String()
+		}
+
+		rfcStr = "[" + rfcStr + "]"
 	}
 
 	return
@@ -34,11 +146,6 @@ func AddrRfc(addr netip.Addr) (rfcStr string) {
 Cidr4ToIPMask takes an IPv4 CIDR/bit size/prefix length and returns the [net.IPMask].
 It's (essentially) the inverse of [net.IPMask.Size].
 
-See also:
-
- * [Cidr4ToMask]
- * [Cidr4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [IPMask4ToCidr].
 */
 func Cidr4ToIPMask(cidr uint8) (ipMask net.IPMask, err error) {
@@ -56,11 +163,6 @@ func Cidr4ToIPMask(cidr uint8) (ipMask net.IPMask, err error) {
 /*
 Cidr4ToMask takes an IPv4 CIDR/bit size/prefix length and returns the netmask *in bitmask form*.
 
-See also:
-
- * [Cidr4ToIPMask]
- * [Cidr4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4ToCidr].
 */
 func Cidr4ToMask(cidr uint8) (mask uint32, err error) {
@@ -80,11 +182,6 @@ func Cidr4ToMask(cidr uint8) (mask uint32, err error) {
 /*
 Cidr4ToStr is a convenience wrapper around [IPMask4ToStr]([Cidr4ToMask](cidr)).
 
-See also:
-
- * [Cidr4ToIPMask]
- * [Cidr4ToMask]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4StrToCidr].
 */
 func Cidr4ToStr(cidr uint8) (maskStr string, err error) {
@@ -128,8 +225,6 @@ func FamilyToVer(family uint16) (ipVer int) {
 /*
 GetAddrFamily returns the network family of a [net/netip.Addr].
 
-See also [GetIpFamily].
-
 Note that this returns [AFInet] or [AFInet6], NOT uint16(4) or uint16(6).
 (See [FamilyToVer] to get the associated higher-level value.)
 
@@ -160,8 +255,6 @@ GetIpFamily returns the network family of a [net.IP].
 Note that this returns [AFInet] or [AFInet6], NOT uint16(4) or uint16(6).
 (See [FamilyToVer] to get the associated higher-level value.)
 
-See also [GetAddrFamily].
-
 If ip is not a "valid" IP address or the version can't be determined,
 family will be [golang.org/x/sys/unix.AF_UNSPEC] or [golang.org/x/sys/windows.AF_UNSPEC] depending on platform (usually 0x00/0).
 */
@@ -180,36 +273,171 @@ func GetIpFamily(ip net.IP) (family uint16) {
 }
 
 /*
-IpRfc returns an RFC-friendly string from an IP address ([net.IP]).
+HasSubnet returns true if prefix `sub` is within prefix `parent`.
 
-If ip is an IPv4 address, it will simmply be the string representation (e.g. "203.0.113.1").
+If `incl` is true, HasSubnet will return true if `sub` and `parent` are the same network.
 
-If ip is an IPv6 address, it will be enclosed in brackets (e.g. "[2001:db8::1]").
+If `incl` is false, HasSubnet will return false if `sub` and `parent` are the same network.
+This can be further determined by doing the following:
 
-If the version can't be determined, rfcStr will be an empty string.
+	var sub netip.Prefix
+	var parent netip.Prefix
 
-See also [IpRfcStr] for providing an IP address as a string.
+	// ...
+
+	if !netx.HasSubnet(parent, sub) && parent.Compare(sub) != 0 { // .Compare() returns 0 if the prefixes are the same.
+		// ...
+	}
+
+	// ...
+
+It is expected that both prefixes are valid; HasSubnet will always return false if `parent` or `sub` are invalid.
+
+HasSub will return false if `parent` and `sub` are different IP address families, but will
+properly handle IPv4-Mapped/IPv4-Compatible IPv6 prefixes when compared with IPv6 prefixes.
+
+Host bits may be set; it will not affect the comparison.
 */
-func IpRfc(ip net.IP) (rfcStr string) {
+func HasSubnet(parent, sub netip.Prefix, incl bool) (hasSub bool) {
 
-	if ip.To4() != nil {
+	// rule out unpredictable comparison
-		rfcStr = ip.To4().String()
+	if !parent.IsValid() || !sub.IsValid() {
-	} else if ip.To16() != nil {
+		return
-		rfcStr = "[" + ip.To16().String() + "]"
+	}
+
+	// different families
+	if parent.Addr().Is4() != sub.Addr().Is4() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// parent is smaller network size than sub
+	if parent.Bits() > sub.Bits() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// parent does not contain network (or host) addr of sub
+	// (returns true even for parent's network addr, etc.)
+	if !parent.Contains(sub.Addr()) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// parent and sub are same canon (masked) network
+	// (.Compare() compares host bits as well, hence the .Masked())
+	if parent.Masked().Compare(sub.Masked()) == 0 {
+		hasSub = incl
+		return
+	}
+
+	hasSub = true
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IP4MapPfx4to6 converts a native IPv4 prefix length (<= 32) to an
+IPv6 prefix length for "IPv4-Compatible" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1])
+and "IPv4-Mapped" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]) addressing.
+
+If `len4` is > 32, then `len6` will be equal to `len4`.
+If this is not desired, ensure that you are gating calls to IP4MapPfx4to6
+with [netip.Addr.Is4] == true on the prefix in question (it will return false
+for IPv6 addresses, IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses, AND IPv4-Compatible IPv6 addresses):
+
+	var pfx netip.Prefix
+
+	// ...
+
+	ipv6BitLen = pfx.Bits()
+	if pfx.Addr().Is4() {
+		ipv6BitLen = netx.IP4MapPfx4to6(ipv6BitLen)
+	}
+
+	// ...
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func IP4MapPfx4to6(len4 uint8) (len6 uint8) {
+
+	len6 = len4
+	if len4 <= 32 {
+		len6 = 96 + len4
 	}
 
 	return
 }
 
 /*
-IpRfcStr implements [IpRfc]/[AddrRfc] for string representations of an IP address s.
+IP4MapPfx6to4 converts a native IPv6 prefix length (>= 96) to an
+IPv4 prefix length from "IPv4-Compatible" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1])
+and "IPv4-Mapped" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]) addressing.
 
-If s is an IPv6 address already in the bracketed RFC format,
+If `len6` is < 96, then `len4` will be equal to `len6`.
-then rfcStr will be equal to s.
+If this is not desired, ensure that you are gating calls to IP4MapPfx6to4
+with [netip.Addr.Is4In6] == true on the prefix in question:
 
-If s is not a string representation of an IP address, rfcStr will be empty.
+	var pfx netip.Prefix
 
-See [IpStripRfcStr] for the inverse (removing any brackets from s if present).
+	// ...
+
+	ipv4BitLen = pfx.Bits()
+	if pfx.Addr().Is4In6() {
+		ipv4BitLen = IP4MapPfx6to4(ipv4BitLen)
+	}
+	if ipv4BitLen > 32 {
+		panic("lol oops")
+	}
+
+	// ...
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func IP4MapPfx6to4(len6 uint8) (len4 uint8) {
+
+	len4 = len6
+	if len6 >= 96 {
+		len4 = len6 - 96
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IpRfc returns an RFC-friendly string from an IP address ([net.IP]).
+
+If ip is an IPv4 address, it will simmply be the string representation (e.g. "203.0.113.1").
+
+If ip is an IPv6 address, it will be enclosed in brackets (e.g. "[2001:db8::1]").
+
+IPv4-Compatible IPv6 addresses will be represented as e.g. "[::203.0.113.1]".
+
+IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses will be represented as e.g. "[::ffff:203.0.113.1]".
+
+If the version can't be determined, `rfcStr` will be an empty string.
+*/
+func IpRfc(ip net.IP) (rfcStr string) {
+
+	var err error
+	var a netip.Addr
+
+	if a, err = netip.ParseAddr(ip.String()); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	rfcStr = AddrRfc(a)
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IpRfcStr implements [IpRfc]/[AddrRfc] for string representations of an IP address `s`.
+
+If `s` is an IPv6 address already in the bracketed RFC format,
+then `rfcStr` will be equal to `s`.
+
+If `s` is not a string representation of an IP address, `rfcStr` will be empty.
+
+See [IpStripRfcStr] for the inverse (removing any brackets from `s` if present).
 */
 func IpRfcStr(s string) (rfcStr string) {
 
@@ -232,9 +460,9 @@ func IpRfcStr(s string) (rfcStr string) {
 }
 
 /*
-IpStripRfcStr returns IP address string s without any brackets.
+IpStripRfcStr returns IP address string `s` without any brackets.
 
-If s is not a valid IP address, stripStr will be empty.
+If `s` is not a valid IP address, `stripStr` will be empty.
 */
 func IpStripRfcStr(s string) (stripStr string) {
 
@@ -254,11 +482,6 @@ func IpStripRfcStr(s string) (stripStr string) {
 /*
 IPMask4ToCidr returns a CIDR prefix size/bit size/bit length from a [net.IPMask].
 
-See also:
-
- * [IPMask4ToMask]
- * [IPMask4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [Cidr4ToIPMask].
 */
 func IPMask4ToCidr(ipMask net.IPMask) (cidr uint8, err error) {
@@ -285,11 +508,6 @@ func IPMask4ToCidr(ipMask net.IPMask) (cidr uint8, err error) {
 /*
 IPMask4ToMask returns the mask *in bitmask form* from a [net.IPMask].
 
-See also:
-
- * [IPMask4ToCidr]
- * [IPMask4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4ToIPMask].
 */
 func IPMask4ToMask(ipMask net.IPMask) (mask uint32, err error) {
@@ -310,11 +528,6 @@ func IPMask4ToMask(ipMask net.IPMask) (mask uint32, err error) {
 /*
 IPMask4ToStr returns a string representation of an IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) from a [net.IPMask].
 
-See also:
-
- * [IPMask4ToCidr]
- * [IPMask4ToMask]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4StrToIPMask].
 */
 func IPMask4ToStr(ipMask net.IPMask) (maskStr string, err error) {
@@ -339,24 +552,120 @@ func IPMask4ToStr(ipMask net.IPMask) (maskStr string, err error) {
 }
 
 /*
-IpVerStr provides the IP family of IP address/network string s.
+IPSetCombined combines multiple [go4.org/netipx.IPSet] sets into a single set.
 
-s may be one of the following formats/syntaxes:
+The original `sets` will only be read and be untouched otherwise; `combined` is a new set.
 
-	* 203.0.113.0
+Nil sets in `sets` will be silently skipped.
-	* 203.0.113.1
+*/
-	* 203.0.113.0/24
+func IPSetCombined(sets []*netipx.IPSet) (combined *netipx.IPSet, err error) {
-	* 203.0.113.1/24
-	* 2001:db8::
-	* 2001:db8::1
-	* 2001:db8::/32
-	* 2001:db8::1/32
-	* [2001:db8::]
-	* [2001:db8::1]
 
+	var idx int
+	var ipsb *netipx.IPSetBuilder = new(netipx.IPSetBuilder)
+
+	for idx = range sets {
+		if sets[idx] == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ipsb.AddSet(sets[idx])
+	}
+
+	if combined, err = ipsb.IPSet(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IPSetFrom skips some round-tripping and returns a [go4.org/netipx.IPSet] from a given
+slice of strings.
+
+`addrs` must be individual address strings but may be nil. See [net/netip.ParseAddr] for conventions.
+
+`pfxs` must be prefix strings but may be nil. See [net/netip.ParsePrefix] for conventions.
+
+`ranges` must be range strings but may be nil. See [go4.org/netipx.ParseIPRange] for conventions.
+
+IPSetFrom will return immediately on first error, otherwise `ipset` will contain all provided addresses/prefixes/ranges.
+*/
+func IPSetFrom(addrs, pfxs, ranges []string) (ipset *netipx.IPSet, err error) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var a netip.Addr
+	var p netip.Prefix
+	var r netipx.IPRange
+	var ipsb *netipx.IPSetBuilder = new(netipx.IPSetBuilder)
+
+	for idx = range addrs {
+		if a, err = netip.ParseAddr(addrs[idx]); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		ipsb.Add(a)
+	}
+	for idx = range pfxs {
+		if p, err = netip.ParsePrefix(pfxs[idx]); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		ipsb.AddPrefix(p)
+	}
+	for idx = range ranges {
+		if r, err = netipx.ParseIPRange(ranges[idx]); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		ipsb.AddRange(r)
+	}
+
+	if ipset, err = ipsb.IPSet(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IPSetFromNative is like [IPSetFrom] but takes native types instead of strings.
+*/
+func IPSetFromNative(addrs []netip.Addr, pfxs []netip.Prefix, ranges []netipx.IPRange) (ipset *netipx.IPSet, err error) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var ipsb *netipx.IPSetBuilder = new(netipx.IPSetBuilder)
+
+	for idx = range addrs {
+		ipsb.Add(addrs[idx])
+	}
+	for idx = range pfxs {
+		ipsb.AddPrefix(pfxs[idx])
+	}
+	for idx = range ranges {
+		ipsb.AddRange(ranges[idx])
+	}
+
+	if ipset, err = ipsb.IPSet(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IpVerStr provides the IP family of IP address/network string `s`.
+
+`s` may be one of the following formats/syntaxes:
+
+  - 203.0.113.0
+  - 203.0.113.1
+  - 203.0.113.0/24
+  - 203.0.113.1/24
+  - 2001:db8::
+  - 2001:db8::1
+  - 2001:db8::/32
+  - 2001:db8::1/32
+  - [2001:db8::]
+  - [2001:db8::1]
 
 Unlike [GetAddrFamily]/[GetIpFamily], this returns a more "friendly"
-version - if s is not valid syntax, ipVer will be int(0),
+version - if `s` is not valid syntax, `ipVer` will be int(0),
 otherwise ipVer will be int(4) for family IPv4 and int(6) for family IPv6.
 (See [VerToFamily] to get the associated system/lower-level value.)
 */
@@ -382,7 +691,47 @@ func IpVerStr(s string) (ipVer int) {
 }
 
 /*
-IsBracketedIp6 returns a boolean indicating if s is a valid bracket-enclosed IPv6 in string format
+IsAddr4Compat returns true if `addr` is in the "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address" prefix.
+
+Note that if `addr` is from an IPv4-Compatible and was the unspecified address
+(::0.0.0.0), isCompat will always return false by design.
+This is because ::0.0.0.0 is, as a fully exploded IPv6 address:
+
+	0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
+
+Or, in other words,
+
+	[16]byte{
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	}
+
+which is the *exact same* bytes as the native IPv6 "unspecified" address (::).
+
+Because the IPv4-Compatible prefix itself is ::/96 (and no prefix information
+is available from a netip.Addr), this function errs on the side of caution
+and treats `addr` as the IPv6 unspecified address instead of the
+IPv4-Compatible unspecified.
+
+This "quirk" is not present in IPv4-Mapped addresses, as they use an explicit non-zero prefix.
+(There are many reasons why IPv4-Compatible addressing was legacy/deprecated the moment it was
+canonized in RFC; this is one of them.)
+*/
+func IsAddr4Compat(addr netip.Addr) (isCompat bool) {
+
+	if addr.Is6() && addr.IsUnspecified() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	isCompat = ip4in6Legacy.Contains(addr)
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+IsBracketedIp6 returns a boolean indicating if `s` is a valid bracket-enclosed IPv6 in string format
 (e.g. "[2001:db8::1]").
 
 It will return false for *non-bracketed* IPv6 addresses (e.g. "2001:db8::1"), IPv4 addresses,
@@ -412,12 +761,12 @@ func IsBracketedIp6(s string) (isBrktdIp bool) {
 }
 
 /*
-IsIpAddr returns a boolean indicating if s is an IP address (either IPv4 or IPv6) in string format.
+IsIpAddr returns a boolean indicating if `s` is an IP address (either IPv4 or IPv6) in string format.
 
 For IPv6, it will return true for both of these formats:
 
-	* 2001:db8::1
+  - 2001:db8::1
-	* [2001:db8::1]
+  - [2001:db8::1]
 
 [IsBracketedIp6] can be used to narrow down which form.
 */
@@ -436,7 +785,7 @@ func IsIpAddr(s string) (isIp bool) {
 }
 
 /*
-IsPrefixNet returns true if s is a (valid) IP address or network (either IPv4 or IPv6) in:
+IsPrefixNet returns true if `s` is a (valid) IP address or network (either IPv4 or IPv6) in:
 
 	<addr_or_net>/<prefix_len>
 
@@ -456,30 +805,36 @@ func IsPrefixNet(s string) (isNet bool) {
 }
 
 /*
-IsPublic returns true if ALL of the following conditions are *true* for ip:
+IsPublic returns true if ALL of the following conditions are *true* for `ip`:
 
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsGlobalUnicast]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsGlobalUnicast]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsValid]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsValid]
-	* (IPv4) Is not in 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, or 203.0.113.0/24 ([RFC 5737])
+  - (IPv4) Is not in 192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, or 203.0.113.0/24 ([RFC 5737])
-	* (IPv6) Is not in 2001:db8::/32 or 3fff::/20 ([RFC 3849], [RFC 9637])
+  - (IPv4) Is not in 100.64.0.0/10 ([RFC 6598])
+  - (IPv6) Is not in 2001:db8::/32 or 3fff::/20 ([RFC 3849], [RFC 9637])
 
 AND ALL of the following conditions are *false* for ip:
 
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsMulticast]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsMulticast]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsLoopback]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsLoopback]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsPrivate]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsPrivate]
-	* [net/netip.Addr.IsUnspecified]
+  - [net/netip.Addr.IsUnspecified]
 
-4-in-6 addresses (::0:0/96, "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address" [RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.1] (Legacy/Obsolete);
+For 4-in-6 addresses:
-::ffff:0:0/96, "IPv4-Mapped IPv6" [RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.2]) will be internally
+
-"unwrapped" back to native IPv4 before performing conditional checks.
+  - ::0:0/96 (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1], "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address") (Deprecated)
+  - ::ffff:0:0/96 (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2], "IPv4-Mapped IPv6")
+
+they will be internally "unwrapped"/unmapped (via [UnmapAddr]) to native IPv4 first
+before performing conditional checks.
 
 [RFC 5737]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5737
-[RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[RFC 6598]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6598
-[RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
 [RFC 3849]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3849
 [RFC 9637]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9637
 */
@@ -493,7 +848,8 @@ func IsPublic(ip netip.Addr) (isPub bool) {
 	if addr, err = netip.ParseAddr(ip.String()); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	// Unmap to properly determine routedness.
+	addr = UnmapAddr(addr)
 
 	// Short-circuit on invalid first to avoid any possible logic oddness.
 	if !addr.IsValid() {
@@ -509,8 +865,8 @@ func IsPublic(ip netip.Addr) (isPub bool) {
 		addr.IsPrivate(),
 		addr.IsUnspecified(),
 		// these are in the FALSE to keep syntax pattern but it's cleaner to doc as if it's a !<cond> in TRUE.
-		ip4In6Legacy.Contains(ip),
+		ipDoc.Contains(addr),
-		ip4In6Modern.Contains(ip),
+		cgnat4.Contains(addr),
 	} {
 		if v {
 			return
@@ -534,11 +890,6 @@ func IsPublic(ip netip.Addr) (isPub bool) {
 /*
 Mask4ToCidr converts an IPv4 netmask *in bitmask form* to a CIDR prefix size/bit size/bit length.
 
-See also:
-
- * [Mask4ToIPMask]
- * [Mask4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [Cidr4ToMask].
 */
 func Mask4ToCidr(mask uint32) (cidr uint8, err error) {
@@ -551,11 +902,6 @@ func Mask4ToCidr(mask uint32) (cidr uint8, err error) {
 /*
 Mask4ToIPMask returns mask *in bitmask form* as a [net.IPMask].
 
-See also:
-
- * [Mask4ToCidr]
- * [Mask4ToStr]
-
 Inverse of [IPMask4ToMask].
 */
 func Mask4ToIPMask(mask uint32) (ipMask net.IPMask, err error) {
@@ -574,11 +920,6 @@ func Mask4ToIPMask(mask uint32) (ipMask net.IPMask, err error) {
 /*
 Mask4ToStr returns a string representation of an IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) from a netmask *in bitmask form*.
 
-See also:
-
- * [Mask4ToCidr]
- * [Mask4ToIPMask]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4StrToMask].
 */
 func Mask4ToStr(mask uint32) (maskStr string, err error) {
@@ -597,14 +938,9 @@ func Mask4ToStr(mask uint32) (maskStr string, err error) {
 }
 
 /*
-Mask4StrToCidr parses a "dotted-quad" IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) and returns am IPv4 CIDR/bit size/prefix length.
+Mask4StrToCidr parses a "dotted-quad" IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) and returns an IPv4 CIDR/bit size/prefix length.
 
-See also:
+Inverse of [Cidr4ToStr].
-
- * [Mask4StrToIPMask]
- * [Mask4StrToMask]
-
-Inverse of [Cidr4ToMaskStr].
 */
 func Mask4StrToCidr(maskStr string) (cidr uint8, err error) {
 
@@ -624,11 +960,6 @@ func Mask4StrToCidr(maskStr string) (cidr uint8, err error) {
 /*
 Mask4StrToIPMask parses a "dotted-quad" IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) and returns a [net.IPMask].
 
-See also:
-
- * [Mask4StrToCidr]
- * [Mask4StrToMask]
-
 Inverse of [IPMask4ToStr].
 */
 func Mask4StrToIPMask(maskStr string) (mask net.IPMask, err error) {
@@ -661,11 +992,6 @@ func Mask4StrToIPMask(maskStr string) (mask net.IPMask, err error) {
 /*
 Mask4StrToMask parses a "dotted-quad" IPv4 netmask (e.g. "255.255.255.0" for a /24) and returns a netmask *in bitmask form*.
 
-See also:
-
- * [Mask4StrToCidr]
- * [Mask4StrToIPMask]
-
 Inverse of [Mask4ToStr].
 */
 func Mask4StrToMask(maskStr string) (mask uint32, err error) {
@@ -683,8 +1009,207 @@ func Mask4StrToMask(maskStr string) (mask uint32, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
+// MustIPSetCombined wraps [IPSetCombined] but will panic on error instead of returning it.
+func MustIPSetCombined(sets []*netipx.IPSet) (combined *netipx.IPSet) {
+
+	var err error
+
+	if combined, err = IPSetCombined(sets); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// MustIPSetFrom wraps [IPSetFrom] but will panic on error instead of returning it.
+func MustIPSetFrom(addrs, pfxs, ranges []string) (ipset *netipx.IPSet) {
+
+	var err error
+
+	if ipset, err = IPSetFrom(addrs, pfxs, ranges); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// MustIPSetFromNative wraps [IPSetFromNative] but will panic on error instead of returning it.
+func MustIPSetFromNative(addrs []netip.Addr, pfxs []netip.Prefix, ranges []netipx.IPRange) (ipset *netipx.IPSet) {
+
+	var err error
+
+	if ipset, err = IPSetFromNative(addrs, pfxs, ranges); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 /*
-VerToFamily takes a "human-readable" IP version ipVer (4 or 6) and returns
+Pfx4in6Compat takes network prefix `pfx` and, if an IPv4 network, returns it
+as an "IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1]) network.
+
+If `pfx` is already an IPv6 network and NOT in the '::/96' or '::0:0/96' prefix (inclusive),
+`pfx` will be returned as `compatPfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is an IPv6 network and is an IPv4-Mapped prefix ('::0:0/96'),
+then `compatPfx` will be an IPv4-Compatible network conversion of `pfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is an IPv6 network and is in the '::/96' prefix (inclusive),
+`pfx` will be returned as `compatPfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is invalid or the zero network, `compatPfx` will be ::/0.
+
+Note that this is the DEPRECATED format for IPv4-addresses-as-IPv6!
+The modern, proper equivalent is "IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]),
+which can be performed via [Pfx4in6Mapped] instead.
+
+  - If you need an IPv6 network format for an IPv4 network and don't know
+    if you need this function or not, you want [Pfx4in6Mapped] instead.
+  - If you THINK you want this function, you want [Pfx4in6Mapped] instead.
+  - If you ABSOLUTELY KNOW you need this function, you're probably dealing with
+    some very old IPv6 implementations.
+    But you at least know you need this function.
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func Pfx4in6Compat(pfx netip.Prefix) (compatPfx netip.Prefix) {
+
+	var bitLen uint8
+	var a netip.Addr
+
+	if !a.IsValid() || !pfx.IsValid() {
+		compatPfx = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+		return
+	}
+
+	a = pfx.Addr()
+	bitLen = uint8(pfx.Bits())
+	compatPfx = pfx
+
+	if a.Is6() {
+		if a.Is4In6() {
+			a = Addr4in6Compat(UnmapAddr(a))
+			compatPfx = netip.PrefixFrom(a, int(bitLen))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	a = netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", ip4in6Legacy96, a.String()))
+	bitLen = IP4MapPfx4to6(bitLen)
+
+	compatPfx = netip.PrefixFrom(a, int(bitLen))
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+Pfx4in6Mapped takes network prefix `pfx` and, if an IPv4 network, returns it
+as an "IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Address" (RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2]) network.
+
+You should almost assuredly be using this function instead of [Pfx4in6Compat].
+
+If `pfx` is already an IPv6 network and NOT in the '::/96' or '::0:0/96' prefix,
+`pfx` will be returned as `mappedPfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is an IPv6 network and is an IPv4-Compatible prefix ('::/96'),
+then `mappedPfx` will be an IPv4-Mapped network conversion of `pfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is an IPv6 address and is in the '::ffff:0:0/96' prefix (inclusive),
+`pfx` will be returned as `mappedPfx`.
+
+If `pfx` is invalid or the zero network, `mappedPfx` will be ::/0.
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func Pfx4in6Mapped(pfx netip.Prefix) (mappedPfx netip.Prefix) {
+
+	var bitLen uint8
+	var a netip.Addr
+
+	if !a.IsValid() || !pfx.IsValid() {
+		mappedPfx = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+		return
+	}
+
+	a = pfx.Addr()
+	bitLen = uint8(pfx.Bits())
+	mappedPfx = pfx
+
+	if a.Is6() {
+		if !IsAddr4Compat(a) {
+			return
+		}
+		a = UnmapAddr(a)
+	}
+
+	a = netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", ip4in6Modern96, a.String()))
+	bitLen = IP4MapPfx4to6(bitLen)
+
+	mappedPfx = netip.PrefixFrom(a, int(bitLen))
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+UnmapAddr unmaps both a current-supported RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.2] format ("IPv4-Mapped")
+*and* legacy RFC [4291 § 2.5.5.1] ("IPv4-Compatible") address.
+
+The Unmap method of a [netip.Addr] only works for the former.
+This function works for both.
+
+If `ip` is not either of those formats (or a "true" IPv6 address, etc.),
+then `unmapped` will be equal to `ip` (but a new/copied [net/netip.Addr]).
+
+If `ip` is the "unspecified" address (0.0.0.0, ::) for either family, it is returned as-is.
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func UnmapAddr(ip netip.Addr) (unmapped netip.Addr) {
+
+	if ip.IsUnspecified() {
+		unmapped = ip
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Do an initial .Unmap() - this should be safe regardless.
+	unmapped = ip.Unmap()
+
+	// If it's in the legacy prefix, it requires manual unmapping.
+	if ip4in6Legacy.Contains(unmapped) {
+		unmapped, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(unmapped.AsSlice()[12:16])
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+UnmapPfx unmaps both a current-supported RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.2 format ("IPv4-Mapped")
+*and* legacy RFC 4291 § 2.5.5.1 ("IPv4-Compatible") prefix.
+
+It's much like [UnmapAddr] in this sense, but requires some additional parsing/conversion.
+
+[4291 § 2.5.5.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1
+[4291 § 2.5.5.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2
+*/
+func UnmapPfx(pfx netip.Prefix) (unmapped netip.Prefix) {
+
+	var a netip.Addr = pfx.Addr()
+
+	unmapped = pfx
+
+	if IsAddr4Compat(a) || a.Is4In6() {
+		a = UnmapAddr(a)
+		unmapped = netip.PrefixFrom(a, int(IP4MapPfx6to4(uint8(pfx.Bits()))))
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+VerToFamily takes a "human-readable" IP version `ipVer` (4 or 6) and returns
 a system-level constant (e.g. [AFUnspec], [AFInet], [AFInet6]).
 
 If not a known IP version (i.e. neither 4 nor 6), family will be [AFUnspec].

netx/funcs_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package netx
 
 import (
-	`math`
+	"math"
-	`net`
+	"net"
-	`net/netip`
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 )
 
+/*
 func TestFuncsDns(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var err error
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ func TestFuncsDns(t *testing.T) {
 
 	return
 }
+*/
 
 func TestFuncsIP(t *testing.T) {
 

slicesx/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/*
+Package slicesx aims to extend functionality of the stdlib [slices] module.
+*/
+package slicesx

slicesx/funcs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package slicesx
+
+/*
+Last returns the last item/element in slice s.
+
+e will be the nil/zero value of the slice element type
+if the slice length is 0.
+*/
+func Last[S ~[]E, E any](s S) (e E) {
+
+	var idx int = LastIndex(s)
+
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	e = s[idx]
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+LastIndex returns the index of the last element in slice s.
+
+If s is empty, idx will be -1.
+If s is nil, idx will be -2.
+*/
+func LastIndex[S ~[]E, E any](s S) (idx int) {
+
+	var l int = len(s)
+
+	idx = -2
+	if s != nil {
+		idx++
+	}
+	if l == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	idx = l - 1
+
+	return
+}

slicesx/funcs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package slicesx
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLast(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var v any
+	var e any
+	var intSl []int
+	var strSl []string
+	var boolSl []bool
+	var anySl []any
+
+	/*
+		int
+	*/
+	// nil
+	v = Last(intSl)
+	e = 0
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// empty
+	intSl = make([]int, 0)
+	v = Last(intSl)
+	if v != e { // still expect 0
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// populated
+	intSl = []int{0, 1, 2, 3}
+	v = Last(intSl)
+	e = 3
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+
+	/*
+		string
+	*/
+	// nil
+	v = Last(strSl)
+	e = ""
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// empty
+	strSl = make([]string, 0)
+	v = Last(strSl)
+	if v != e { // still expect ""
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// populated
+	strSl = []string{"a", "b", "c"}
+	v = Last(strSl)
+	e = "c"
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+
+	/*
+		bool
+	*/
+	// nil
+	v = Last(boolSl)
+	e = false
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// empty
+	boolSl = make([]bool, 0)
+	v = Last(boolSl)
+	if v != e { // still expect false
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// populated
+	boolSl = []bool{true, false, true, false, true}
+	v = Last(boolSl)
+	e = true
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+
+	/*
+		any/interface{}
+	*/
+	// nil
+	v = Last(anySl)
+	e = nil
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// empty
+	anySl = make([]any, 0)
+	v = Last(anySl)
+	if v != e { // still expect nil
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+	// populated
+	anySl = []any{3, true, "foo", "bar"}
+	v = Last(anySl)
+	e = "bar"
+	if v != e {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, e, e)
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+	this test only runs in Go 1.26+;
+	which lets you new() on values instead of just types.
+
+	commented out until req bumps to 1.26+ in go.mod.
+*/
+/*
+func TestLastPtr(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var v any
+	var i *int
+	var s *string
+	var b *bool
+	var ptrIntSl []*int
+	var ptrStrSl []*string
+	var ptrBoolSl []*bool
+
+
+	//
+	//	int
+	//
+	// nil
+	v = Last(ptrIntSl)
+	i = nil
+	if v != i {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, i, i)
+	}
+	// empty
+	ptrIntSl = make([]*int, 0)
+	v = Last(ptrIntSl)
+	if v != i { // still expect nil
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, i, i)
+	}
+	// populated
+	ptrIntSl = []*int{new(0), new(1), new(2), new(3)}
+	v = Last(ptrIntSl)
+	i = ptrIntSl[len(ptrIntSl)-1]
+	if v != i {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, i, i)
+	}
+
+	//
+	//	string
+	//
+	// nil
+	v = Last(ptrStrSl)
+	if v != s {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, s, s)
+	}
+	// empty
+	ptrStrSl = make([]*string, 0)
+	v = Last(ptrStrSl)
+	if v != s { // still expect nil
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, s, s)
+	}
+	// populated
+	ptrStrSl = []*string{new("a"), new("b"), new("c")}
+	v = Last(ptrStrSl)
+	s = ptrStrSl[len(ptrStrSl)-1]
+	if v != s {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, s, s)
+	}
+
+	//
+	//	bool
+	//
+	// nil
+	v = Last(ptrBoolSl)
+	if v != b {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, b, b)
+	}
+	// empty
+	ptrBoolSl = make([]*bool, 0)
+	v = Last(ptrBoolSl)
+	if v != b { // still expect nil
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, b, b)
+	}
+	// populated
+	ptrBoolSl = []*bool{new(true), new(false), new(true), new(false), new(true)}
+	v = Last(ptrBoolSl)
+	b = ptrBoolSl[len(ptrBoolSl)-1]
+	if v != b {
+		t.Errorf("%T %#v, expected %T %#v", v, v, b, b)
+	}
+}
+*/
+
+func TestLastIndex(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var e int
+	var v int
+	var s []string
+
+	e = -2
+	v = LastIndex(s)
+	if e != v {
+		t.Errorf("Got %d, expected %d", v, e)
+	}
+
+	e = -1
+	s = make([]string, 0)
+	v = LastIndex(s)
+	if e != v {
+		t.Errorf("Got %d, expected %d", v, e)
+	}
+
+	e = 0
+	s = []string{"a"}
+	v = LastIndex(s)
+	if e != v {
+		t.Errorf("Got %d, expected %d", v, e)
+	}
+
+	e = 1
+	s = []string{"a", "b"}
+	v = LastIndex(s)
+	if e != v {
+		t.Errorf("Got %d, expected %d", v, e)
+	}
+
+	e = 2
+	s = []string{"a", "b", "c"}
+	v = LastIndex(s)
+	if e != v {
+		t.Errorf("Got %d, expected %d", v, e)
+	}
+}

stringsx/funcs.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
+	`unicode/utf8`
 )
 
 /*
@@ -498,6 +499,462 @@ func Reverse(s string) (revS string) {
 	return
 }
 
+/*
+RunesInString returns an ordered slice of all unique runes in
+UTF-8 string `s`.
+
+If `s` is an empty string, runes will be a non-nil empty slice.
+*/
+func RunesInString(s string) (runes []rune) {
+
+	var r rune
+	var idx int
+	var runeMap map[rune]uint64 = RuneMapFromString(s)
+
+	runes = make([]rune, len(runeMap))
+
+	idx = 0
+	for r, _ = range runeMap {
+		runes[idx] = r
+		idx++
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(runes)
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+RuneMapFromString returns a map of unique runes found in
+UTF-8 string `s` along with a count of their occurrence.
+
+If `s` is an empty string, runes will be a non-nil empty map.
+
+Non-UTF-8 runes are skipped.
+*/
+func RuneMapFromString(s string) (runes map[rune]uint64) {
+
+	var r rune
+	var runeSz int
+
+	runes = make(map[rune]uint64)
+
+	for idx := 0; idx < len(s); {
+		r, runeSz = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[idx:])
+		if r == utf8.RuneError && runeSz == 1 {
+			idx += runeSz
+			continue
+		}
+		runes[r]++
+		idx += runeSz
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+SquashConsec squashes/collapses consecutive instances of sequences
+seq to a single instance.
+It is expected that s is UTF-8 or a compatible subset (e.g. ASCII).
+
+If seq is nil/empty, any n+1 consecutive instance of *any rune*
+will be squashed to a single instance. This is *much* more performant
+(as it simply wraps [SquashConsecRunesAll]) at the cost of lack of scoping.
+
+If you are trying to squash/collapse whitespace instead, [SquashWhitespace]
+may be more apropos.
+
+If you want more fine-grained control over sequence replacement, see [SquashMap].
+
+If s is an empty string, SquashConsec will return `s` as-is.
+*/
+func SquashConsec(s string, seq ...string) (squashed string) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var sIdx int
+	var kLen int
+	var start int
+	var seqIdx int
+	var nextNum int
+	var nextPos int
+	var sb *strings.Builder
+
+	squashed = s
+
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(seq) == 0 {
+		squashed = SquashConsecRunesAll(s)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for seqIdx = range seq {
+		if seq[seqIdx] == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		sb = new(strings.Builder)
+		sb.Grow(len(squashed))
+		kLen = len(seq[seqIdx])
+		for idx = 0; idx < len(squashed); {
+			sIdx = strings.Index(squashed[idx:], seq[seqIdx])
+			if sIdx < 0 {
+				sb.WriteString(squashed[idx:])
+				break
+			}
+			start = idx + sIdx
+			sb.WriteString(squashed[idx:start])
+			nextNum = 0
+			nextPos = start
+			for strings.HasPrefix(squashed[nextPos:], seq[seqIdx]) {
+				nextNum++
+				nextPos += kLen
+			}
+			if nextNum >= 1 {
+				sb.WriteString(seq[seqIdx])
+			}
+			idx = nextPos
+		}
+
+		squashed = sb.String()
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+SquashConsecRunes squashes/collapses consecutive instances of sequences
+seq with a single instance.
+It is expected that s is UTF-8 or a compatible subset (e.g. ASCII).
+
+If seq is nil/empty, any n+1 consecutive instance of *any rune*
+will be squashed to a single instance. This is *much* more performant
+(as it simply wraps [SquashConsecRunesAll]) at the cost of lack of scoping.
+
+If s is an empty string, SquashConsecRunes will return `s` as-is.
+*/
+func SquashConsecRunes(s string, seq ...rune) (squashed string) {
+
+	var r rune
+	var idx int
+	var prev rune
+	var seqIdx int
+	var runeSz int
+	var sb *strings.Builder
+
+	squashed = s
+
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(seq) == 0 {
+		squashed = SquashConsecRunesAll(s)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for seqIdx = range seq {
+		if seq[seqIdx] < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		sb = new(strings.Builder)
+		sb.Grow(len(squashed))
+		prev = -1
+		for idx = 0; idx < len(squashed); {
+			r, runeSz = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(squashed[idx:])
+			if r == utf8.RuneError && runeSz == 1 {
+				prev = -1
+				sb.WriteString(squashed[idx : idx+runeSz])
+			} else {
+				if r != seq[seqIdx] || prev != r {
+					prev = r
+					sb.WriteRune(r)
+				}
+			}
+			idx += runeSz
+		}
+
+		squashed = sb.String()
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+SquashConsecRunesAll squashes/condenses/collapses all consecutive occurrences
+of every rune in `s` to a single instance.
+It is expected that s is UTF-8 or a compatible subset (e.g. ASCII);
+non-UTF-8 runes will be written as-is to squashed (even if duplicate).
+
+That is to say, for an `s` of:
+
+	* `fo`
+	* `foo`
+	* `fooo`
+	* `foooo`
+
+SquashConsecRunesAll would return `fo` for all of them.
+
+SquashConsecRunesAll will be a no-op and return an empty string
+if `s` is an empty string.
+*/
+func SquashConsecRunesAll(s string) (squashed string) {
+
+	var r rune
+	var runeSz int
+	var prev rune = -1
+	var sb *strings.Builder
+
+	squashed = s
+
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sb = new(strings.Builder)
+	sb.Grow(len(s))
+	for idx := 0; idx < len(squashed); {
+		r, runeSz = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(squashed[idx:])
+		if r == utf8.RuneError && runeSz == 1 {
+			prev = -1
+			sb.WriteString(squashed[idx : idx+runeSz])
+		} else {
+			if prev != r {
+				prev = r
+				sb.WriteRune(r)
+			}
+		}
+		idx += runeSz
+	}
+
+	squashed = sb.String()
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+SquashMap offers replacement of consecutive string series.
+It is expected that s is UTF-8 or a compatible subset (e.g. ASCII).
+
+If single is set to true, *single/standalone* instances of a sequence
+in replaceMap keys will also be replaced with its corresponding value.
+
+Be aware that this function is not ideal for very large replaceMap maps
+or for very large strings, as s will be passed over for each key in replaceMap.
+If dealing with very large strings or a very large explicit set of replacements,
+you may want to directly use [strings.Map] or [strings.NewReplacer] (if multi-rune
+replacement is needed) with your own logic.
+
+Matching string replacements are done longest-to-shortest sequentially.
+This means that given the string `fooo` (and assuming single==true),
+and a replaceMap of:
+
+	map[string]string{
+		"o": "a",
+		"oo": "b",
+	}
+
+the result will be "fba", not:
+
+	* "faaa"
+	* "fab"
+
+Thus you may want to execute several calls if this is undesired.
+Keys that are the same length are ordered alphabetically/alphanumerically
+so this function is deterministic.
+
+Empty keys in replaceMap (but NOT empty values) are skipped.
+Keys in replaceMap that are not UTF-8 are skipped.
+
+Note that this function offers high-granularity control over replacements
+at the cost of complex setup.
+
+If you want more simple squashing/collapsing of whitespace, [SquashWhitespace]
+may be more apropos.
+
+If you want more simple squashing/collapsing of non-whitespace, [SquashConsec]
+may be more apropos.
+
+If replaceMap is nil or empty, s will be returned as-is.
+If s is an empty string, SquashMap will no-op.
+*/
+func SquashMap(s string, replaceMap map[string]string, single bool) (squashed string) {
+
+	var idx int
+	var sIdx int
+	var k string
+	var v string
+	var start int
+	var nextNum int
+	var nextPos int
+	var sb *strings.Builder
+	type kLen struct {
+		// k is the Key name.
+		k string
+		// r is the replacement string.
+		r string
+		// l is the length of k (in UTF-8 runes).
+		l int
+		// bl is the length of k (in bytes).
+		bl int
+	}
+	var kl kLen
+	var keysByLen []kLen
+
+	squashed = s
+
+	if len(replaceMap) == 0 || len(s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	keysByLen = make([]kLen, 0, len(replaceMap))
+	for k, v = range replaceMap {
+		if k == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !utf8.ValidString(k) {
+			continue
+		}
+		keysByLen = append(
+			keysByLen,
+			kLen{
+				k:  k,
+				r:  v,
+				l:  utf8.RuneCountInString(k),
+				bl: len(k),
+			},
+		)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(
+		keysByLen,
+		func(a, b kLen) (cmp int) {
+			cmp = 0
+			// Sort so that the longer comes first.
+			if a.l > b.l {
+				cmp = -1
+			} else if a.l < b.l {
+				cmp = 1
+			} else if a.l == b.l {
+				if a.k < b.k {
+					cmp = -1
+				} else if a.k > b.k {
+					cmp = 1
+				}
+			}
+			return
+		},
+	)
+
+	for _, kl = range keysByLen {
+		switch strings.Count(squashed, kl.k) {
+		case 0:
+			continue
+		case 1:
+			if !single {
+				continue
+			}
+			squashed = strings.ReplaceAll(squashed, kl.k, kl.r)
+		default:
+			sb = new(strings.Builder)
+			sb.Grow(len(squashed))
+			for idx = 0; idx < len(squashed); {
+				if sIdx = strings.Index(squashed[idx:], kl.k); sIdx < 0 {
+					sb.WriteString(squashed[idx:])
+					break
+				}
+				start = idx + sIdx
+				sb.WriteString(squashed[idx:start])
+				nextNum = 0
+				nextPos = start
+				for strings.HasPrefix(squashed[nextPos:], kl.k) {
+					nextNum++
+					nextPos += kl.bl
+				}
+				if nextNum > 1 || (nextNum == 1 && single) {
+					sb.WriteString(kl.r)
+				} else {
+					sb.WriteString(kl.k)
+				}
+				idx = nextPos
+			}
+
+			squashed = sb.String()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+/*
+SquashWhitespace is used to collapse/squash consecutive whitespace.
+It is expected that s is unicode or a compatible subset (e.g. ASCII).
+
+If single is set to true, *single/standalone* instances of whitespace
+will also be replaced with ws.
+
+ws is a string that should replace *consecutive* whitespace.
+ws does not necessarily have to be a whitespace string, and may be empty.
+
+If you are trying to squash/collapse non-whitespace, [SquashConsec]
+is more apropos.
+
+If you want more fine-grained control over sequence replacement, see [SquashMap].
+*/
+func SquashWhitespace(s, ws string, single bool) (squashed string) {
+
+	var r rune
+	var runeSz int
+	var wsStart int
+	var invalid bool
+	var prevWs uint64
+	var sb *strings.Builder
+
+	squashed = s
+
+	if s == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sb = new(strings.Builder)
+	sb.Grow(len(s))
+
+	for rIdx := 0; rIdx < len(s); {
+		r, runeSz = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[rIdx:])
+		invalid = r == utf8.RuneError && runeSz == 1
+		if invalid || !unicode.IsSpace(r) {
+			if prevWs > 1 || (prevWs == 1 && single) {
+				sb.WriteString(ws)
+			} else if prevWs == 1 {
+				sb.WriteString(s[wsStart:rIdx])
+			}
+			prevWs = 0
+			if invalid {
+				// Invalid UTF-8 rune; write byte as-is and advance index.
+				sb.WriteString(s[rIdx : rIdx+runeSz])
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteRune(r)
+			}
+			rIdx += runeSz
+			continue
+		}
+		if prevWs == 0 {
+			wsStart = rIdx
+		}
+		prevWs++
+		rIdx += runeSz
+	}
+	if prevWs > 1 || (prevWs == 1 && single) {
+		sb.WriteString(ws)
+	} else if prevWs == 1 {
+		sb.WriteString(s[wsStart:])
+	}
+
+	squashed = sb.String()
+
+	return
+}
+
 /*
 StripWhitespace removes all leading, trailing, and INNER whitespace
 from unicode string `s`.

tplx/sprigx/README.html

@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ pre.rouge .gs {
 <div class="details">
 <span id="author" class="author">Brent Saner</span><br>
 <span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:bts@square-r00t.net">bts@square-r00t.net</a></span><br>
-<span id="revdate">Last rendered 2026-07-06 16:21:08 -0400</span>
+<span id="revdate">Last rendered 2026-07-29 15:05:41 -0400</span>
 </div>
 <div id="toc" class="toc2">
 <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>

tplx/sprigx/README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 <span id="author" class="author">Brent Saner</span>  
 <span id="email" class="email"><bts@square-r00t.net></span>  
-<span id="revdate">Last rendered 2026-07-06 16:21:13 -0400</span>
+<span id="revdate">Last rendered 2026-07-29 15:05:45 -0400</span>
 
 </div>